Last verified: 4 November 2026. Access details change; confirm with the archive before you travel. What each access type means · Español
On this page: Context · National archives · Collections by type · Verified · Contradictions · Notes · Bibliography
Context and geography
- 1537–1617. Asunción was founded in 1537. It was the seat of the «Provincia Gigante de las Indias» [Giant Province of the Indies] (Río de la Plata). There are two dates for the creation of the Cabildo [town council] and, with it, of the archive: 1541 (ABC Color 2015; Durán Estragó, cited in La Nación 2023) and 1544 (Brezzo et al.). See Contradictions.
- 16 Dec. 1617. A royal decree (real cédula) divided the province into two governorships: Guairá/Paraguay, with its capital at Asunción, and Río de la Plata, with its capital at Buenos Aires. Both were under the Virreinato del Perú [Viceroyalty of Peru] (La Nación, 14 Dec. 2025). Before 1632, Asunción in effect lost about half of its territory (the Guairá) to the bandeiras from São Paulo.
- Audiencias. In the colonial period, the higher courts were the Audiencia de Charcas. There was also a first Audiencia de Buenos Aires (1661–1671), with jurisdiction over Paraguay, and a second one from 1783, with jurisdiction over the Intendencia del Paraguay. That is why there are appeal files in Sucre (ABNB) and in Buenos Aires (AGN).
- 1767. Expulsion of the Jesuits. The Temporalidades and Misiones fonds are split among Buenos Aires (AGN), Asunción (ANA), and Seville (AGI).
- 1776. Virreinato del Río de la Plata [Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata]. From then on Paraguay depended on Buenos Aires, and many government series (for example, the 1799 padrón) are in the AGN of Argentina.
- 28 Jan. 1782. The Intendencia del Paraguay [Intendancy of Paraguay] is created. The first intendant was Pedro Melo de Portugal (1782–1787). Its districts were Concepción, Curuguaty, Villarrica, and San Pedro de Ycuamandiyú.
- 14–15 May 1811. Independence. On 12 Oct. 1813 the Republic is declared.
- 1814–1840. Dictatorship of José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia.
- 1841–1870. Governments of Carlos Antonio López (president from 1844) and Francisco Solano López (from 1862). From this period come the 1846 name-level census (ANA) and the first newspapers: El Paraguayo Independiente (1845) and El Semanario (1853–1868).
- War of the Triple Alliance (1864–1870). The archive was moved to Luque and then to Piribebuy. In 1869 Brazilian troops occupied Asunción. They took documents to Rio de Janeiro, which became the Colección Visconde do Rio Branco at the Biblioteca Nacional of Brazil. Those documents were returned in 1981; part of them perhaps earlier, in 1911 (see Contradictions). There were also thefts, changes of location, and, from 1870 on, scattering of the records among ministries with no archival authority.
- Territorial losses.
- Loizaga–Cotegipe Treaty (9 Jan. 1872): Brazil receives the territory north of the Apa River, about 62,325 km². Colonial fonds for that area may be in Mato Grosso do Sul.
- Machaín–Irigoyen Treaty (1876): losses to Argentina. Exact date and details to be confirmed.
- Hayes Award (1878): confirms Paraguayan sovereignty over Villa Occidental, now Villa Hayes.
- 1880. The Registro Civil [civil registry] is created under Bernardino Caballero (La Nación, 2024). The exact law or decree was not identified. Before 1880, and in practice afterward as well, secondary sources (censuses, court records, notarial records, military records) replace or supplement parish registers. For the period before 1870 they are essential because of wartime losses.
- Chaco War (1932–1935). The sources are the military records of the Ministerio de Defensa (FamilySearch 1870–1965) and the book Murió por la patria (2026).
- Departments.
- 1906: first territorial division law. The Región Oriental [Eastern Region] has 12 departments plus a capital district; the Chaco is divided into military commands.
- 10 July 1945: three Chaco departments (Presidente Hayes, Boquerón, and Olimpo).
- Ley 426 of 1973: 19 departments.
- Ley 71 of 1992: back to 17 departments plus the Distrito Capital (Statoids).
- Regional archives. Regional and local archives exist. Researchers should find out what exists in the locality.
National archives and institutions
Only national archives and institutions and key foreign repositories are included. There are also regional, municipal, diocesan, and religious-order archives: find out what exists in your ancestor’s locality.
Archivo Nacional de Asunción [National Archives of Asunción] (ANA)1
- City: Asunción
- Address: Mcal. Estigarribia at Iturbe, Centro Histórico (at this location since 1912 or 1913)
- Hours: Mon–Fri 7:00–18:00; Sat. 8:00–13:00 (IP Paraguay, 2024). To be confirmed
- Phone: (021) 447-311 (ABC, 2015). To be confirmed
- Email: archivonacionaldeasuncion@gmail.com (appears on civil.archivonacional.gov.py)
- Website: AtoM catalogs by section: historia., nueva., civil., educacion., riobranco.archivonacional.gov.py
- Access conditions: Consultation in the reading room. Digital copies are sold. Some items can be consulted «only in digital form» because of their poor condition
- Access type: In person, free, Free online
Biblioteca Nacional del Paraguay [National Library of Paraguay] (with the Hemeroteca «Carlos Antonio López»)2
- Type: National library and newspaper library, legal deposit; created on 21 Sept. 1887
- City: Asunción
- Address: De la Residenta No. 820 near Perú
- Hours: Mon–Fri 7:00–14:00 (La Nación 2023; IP 2024). In 2015 it was open 7:00–18:00
- Phone: Newspaper library: (021) 204-670 (ABC, 2015)
- Email: Not found
- Website: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Access conditions: Free. Reading in the reading room. Digital copies on request
- Access type: In person, free, On request
Arzobispado (Arquidiócesis) de Asunción: archdiocesan or Curia archive3
- Type: Church archive of the capital
- City: Asunción
- Address: Not found
- Hours: Not found
- Phone: Not found
- Email: Not found
- Website: Not found
- Access conditions: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Access type: In person, with authorization
Dirección General del Registro del Estado Civil4
- Type: National civil registry (since 1880)
- City: Asunción
- Address: Not found
- Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Website: Not found
- Access conditions: Certificates on request
- Access type: On request
Ministerio de Defensa Nacional5
- Type: Custodian of the military records (1870–1965)
- City: Asunción
- Address: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Website: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Access conditions: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Access type: Free online, Online with free account
Academia Paraguaya de la Historia (founded on 15 Aug. 1937 as the Instituto Paraguayo de Investigaciones Históricas; current name since 28 Oct. 1965)6
- City: Asunción
- Address: Not found
- Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Website: Not found
- Access conditions: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Biblioteca y Archivo Central del Congreso Nacional (BACN)7
- Type: Legislative library with newspaper library
- City: Asunción
- Address: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Website: bacn.gov.py (laws online)
- Access conditions: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Access type: Free online
FamilySearch8
- Type: Digital repository
- City: Salt Lake City / online
- Address: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Website: familysearch.org
- Access conditions: Images with a free account
- Access type: Online with free account
Fundação Biblioteca Nacional (Brasil), Divisão de Manuscritos9
- Type: Foreign repository
- City: Rio de Janeiro
- Address: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Hours: By appointment
- Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Website: gov.br/bn
- Access conditions: By appointment (for the Col. Mário Barreto)
- Access type: In person, with authorization
Archivo General de la Nación (Argentina)10
- Type: Foreign repository (Viceroyalty fonds)
- City: Buenos Aires
- Address: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Website: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Access conditions: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Archivo General de Indias (PARES)11
- Type: Foreign repository
- City: Seville
- Address: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Website: pares.mcu.es (not tested)
- Access conditions: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
- Access type: Free online
Collections by record type
Notarial records (protocols)
| Collection and custodian | Dates | What it provides | Where and how to consult it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sección Nueva Encuadernación [New Binding Section] (SNE)12 ANA | 16th–19th c. (e.g., 1615–1626; 1674; 1783) | Wills and deeds with parentage, lists of Spanish and Indian residents (padrones) | AtoM nueva.archivonacional.gov.py (code PY-ANA-SNE-vol n doc-folios); Catálogo sistemático (13 vols.); FamilySearch 2060673 (images) Free online, Online with free account — A (part) / B / D |
| Sección Propiedades y Testamentos13 ANA | To be confirmed | Heirs, property, slaves, status of foreigners and clergy | FamilySearch 2060673 (images, «complete collection»); two incomplete catalogs (c. 1971) Online with free account, In person, free — B / D |
Court records and probate (sucesiones)
| Collection and custodian | Dates | What it provides | Where and how to consult it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sección Civil y Judicial14 ANA | 16th–19th c. (the oldest, 1593) | Litigants, women plaintiffs, debts, inheritances | AtoM civil.archivonacional.gov.py (ISAD(G) description in progress) Free online, In person, free — A (part) / D |
| Sección Judicial Criminal (SJC)15 ANA | Before 1870 | Witnesses with age, place of origin, and residence; families | Cataloged (through the work of Aníbal Solís). Online version to be confirmed In person, free — D |
| Archivo de Educación («Documentos de la Administración de Justicia y Educación»)16 ANA | To be confirmed | Teachers and students | AtoM educacion.archivonacional.gov.py Free online, In person, free — A (part) / D |
Dispensations, prenuptial investigations, and other church sources
| Collection and custodian | Dates | What it provides | Where and how to consult it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Marriage licenses, petitions, requests, and dispensations (in the SNE)17 ANA | 1757–1859 (162 files) | Bride and groom, parents, kinship, social status (calidad) | Catalog by Durán Estragó and Romano García (2011) In person, free — D |
| Certificates of single status, divorce suits, and marriage impediments18 Archivo del Arzobispado de Asunción | Single status from 1776 (36-volume catalog); divorces from 1815 | Parentage, marital status, kinship | Catalog of impediments (Durán Estragó and Telesca) in preparation around 2011 In person, with authorization — E (to be confirmed) — Contact the archive for information on access and holdings. |
| AGN Argentina: Colegio de Asunción, Misiones, Temporalidades, Diezmos (cited as «sección 27.1»)19 AGN Argentina | 1711–1805 | Tithe collectors, tenants | Call number as given in the academic citation; verify against the AGN nomenclature (Sala IX) To be confirmed — Contact the archive for information on access and holdings. |
Census and tax lists (padrones) and censuses
| Collection and custodian | Dates | What it provides | Where and how to consult it |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1846 name-level census20 ANA (section and call number to be confirmed) | 1846 | Complete households with ages | Studies by A. Kegler de Galeano and J. H. Williams. Digital version to be confirmed In person, free — D |
| 1870 census (circular of the Gobierno Provisorio [Provisional Government], 29 Sept. 1870)21 Original missing from the Asunción archives; copy found in Paris | 1870–1871 | War survivors | Book announced by M. V. Benítez Martínez, El Paraguay de 1870 (not yet published) Legally restricted, On request — H/F (no public access) |
| 1799 padrón (governor-intendant Lázaro de Ribera)22 AGN Argentina (original); some parish padrones at the ANA | 1799 | Figures by group; name-level version to be confirmed | Published by Ernesto Maeder To be confirmed — Contact the archive for information on access and holdings. |
Military
| Collection and custodian | Dates | What it provides | Where and how to consult it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Colección Visconde de Rio Branco / «Archivo Histórico de la República del Paraguay» (ANA-AHRP)23 ANA (returned by Brazil in 1981) | 16th–19th c. (mainly the López era) | Officials, soldiers, suppliers | AtoM riobranco.archivonacional.gov.py, with a PDF for each file («Abierto al público» [open to the public]). Catálogo de la Colección Visconde de Rio Branco. More than 50,000 folios and 5,500 files digitized with the Universidad Católica (2015–2019) Free online — A |
| Paraguay, Military Records, 1870–196524 Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, via FamilySearch | 1870–1965 (includes the Chaco War) | Personal data of the conscript | FS collection 2506770 (524,232 records, 989,990 images; partially indexed) Online with free account — B |
| «Arquivo do Paraguai» / Rio Branco (entry 193 in the guide) and Coleção Mário Barreto25 Fundação Biblioteca Nacional (Brasil) | 1862–1920 (Mário Barreto: 1,064 records) | Soldiers and officers | Guia das coleções de manuscritos (PDF); BNDigital with 2 items In person, with authorization — E |
Historical newspapers and official gazettes
| Collection and custodian | Dates | What it provides | Where and how to consult it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hemeroteca «Carlos Antonio López»: national press from 1845, magazines from 1882, Solano López collection26 BNP | 1845–present | Notices, public notices (edictos), obituaries, lists | Digitization 1845–c.1910 (first stage 1845–1903, then El Liberal), available in the reading room and on CD In person, free, On request, Fee-based — D / F / G |
| BNP digital collection (Guerra Grande: books, 17 newspapers, manuscripts, photographs, engravings)27 BNP | 1864–1870 and others | Photographs and printed matter | BNP website (2016), «Departamento de Digitalización» section. URL not tested Free online — A (to be confirmed) — Contact the archive for information on access and holdings. |
| El Semanario de Avisos y Conocimientos Útiles (historical recovery project)28 Project by H. Caballero Campos and C. Gómez Florentín (CONACYT/UNA); the most complete set is at the BN in Rio | 1853–1868 | Notices, decrees, lists | CD and website announced (2019); the CONACYT repository has only a poster To be confirmed — Contact the archive for information on access and holdings. |
| Gaceta Oficial de la República del Paraguay29 U.S. libraries (LC, Harvard Law, Michigan Law, LA County Law, CRL) | 1936– | Appointments, naturalizations (presumably), public notices | Paper and microfilm (LC, 1974–1996). There is no historical digital version In person, free — D |
Private archives and images
| Collection and custodian | Dates | What it provides | Where and how to consult it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Private collections: Doroteo Bareiro, Moisés Bertoni, Enrique Solano López, Colnago Valdovinos, Roberto Quevedo30 ANA | 19th–20th c. | Family correspondence and papers | To be confirmed In person, free — D |
| Digital copies of historians’ personal archives (Natalicio González, Víctor Morínigo, Manuel Gondra, Juan Godoy, Julio César Chávez)31 ANA (the originals are at the universities of Kansas, California, and Texas, and at the Italian Foreign Ministry) | 1537–c. 1945 | Varies | Copies delivered in 2014 (funded by Itaipú); online publication announced, to be confirmed To be confirmed — Contact the archive for information on access and holdings. |
Indexes and derivative works
| Collection and custodian | Dates | What it provides | Where and how to consult it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paraguay, Civil Registration, 1842–2012 (birth index)32 FamilySearch / various custodians | 1842–2012 | Name, date, parents | FS collection 5000049 (9,271 records, 9,434 images) Online with free account — B |
| Chaco War dead: Murió por la patria (F. Chamorro and M. Ayala, 2026)33 Published book (based on Registro Civil records and on newspapers at the BNP and the Congreso) | 1932–1935 | More than 5,100 soldiers identified | Printed book (2026); no online database Fee-based — G |
Other government and education records
| Collection and custodian | Dates | What it provides | Where and how to consult it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sección Historia (PY-ANA-SH)34 ANA | 1534–1875 | Authorities, residents, soldiers, petitioners. It has 13,422 authority records (persons and families) | AtoM historia.archivonacional.gov.py, with PDF digital objects for each file (e.g., PY-ANA-SH-147n8-27-38). Earlier: UNESCO microfilm (1956–57) and a typewritten Catálogo general Free online, In person, free — A / D |
| Copies of Actas Capitulares [town council minutes] (Cabildo de Asunción)35 ANA | Colonial (dates to be confirmed) | Residents and occupations | To be confirmed In person, free — D |
| Libros de Caja and Libros Mayores [cash books and ledgers] (Hacienda)36 ANA | To be confirmed | Public employees, taxpayers | To be confirmed In person, free — D |
| Carpetas Sueltas [loose folders]37 ANA | To be confirmed | Varies | To be confirmed In person, free — D |
| Paraguay, Asunción, Cemetery Records, 1842–201238 Departamento de Necrópolis de Asunción, via FamilySearch | 1842–2012 | Deceased, date, burial | FS collection 2026205 (242,717 records; 66,809 images) Online with free account — B |
| Paraguay, Cemetery Records, 1917–201239 Various custodians (initially San Lorenzo), via FamilySearch | 1917–2012 | Deceased | FS collection 5000254 (16,632 records) Online with free account — B |
| AGI: Charcas and Buenos Aires series; Libros registros-cedularios del Tucumán y Paraguay; padrones (e.g., Contaduría 1877)40 AGI | 1573–1716 (cedularios); 16th–18th c. | Encomenderos, royal officials | Printed catalog: Libros registros-cedularios del Tucumán y Paraguay (1573–1716), Instituto de Investigaciones de Historia del Derecho, 2000 (ISBN 978-950-9494-21-3). PARES not tested Free online — A (PARES, to be confirmed) — Contact the archive for information on access and holdings. |
Verified directly
Information read on the official websites and in the FamilySearch Catalog while signed in, in November 2026. "Visible online" on FamilySearch means the images can be viewed from home with a free account.
- ANA: Sección Historia catalog. Online AtoM catalog: 16th century to 1870, 450 loose volumes (colonial and First Republic administrative documents, town council minutes, correspondence). Digitized under an agreement between the Secretaría Nacional de Cultura and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints; indexed and published with an Ibero-American cooperation program. 4,320 descriptions with a digital object. A search for «padrón» returns 18 files with images (e.g., padrón general de mulatos libres, ca. 1614; padrón de indios de San Blas de Itá, 1694; padrón de pobladores de Santa Tecla a Corrientes, 1813; padrón de los partidos, 1862-1867). «Censo 1846» returns no results in this section.41
- FamilySearch: ANA. 1429838 «Paraguay, Distrito Capital, Asunción, testamentos, distribución de bienes» (Propiedades y Testamentos series by volume and box, 1,066 items: 1,059 visible online); 2039416 «Asunción, registros municipales, 1553-1977» (3,837 visible items: cash-book receipts, carpetas sueltas, Nueva Encuadernación); 164289 «Documentos coleccionados» (Sección Histórica, FS Library/affiliates only).42
Contradictions between sources
| Item | One source says | Another source says | Proposal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Year the archive began | 1541, with the Cabildo (ABC 2015; Durán Estragó in La Nación 2023) | 1544 (Brezzo, Salinas, and Quiñonez) | Use 1541 and note the variant |
| Return of the Col. Rio Branco | 1981 (ANA AtoM record; EFE 2019; dplnews «early 1980s») | Part in 1911 and another part in 1981 (La Nación 2023) | Say «returned in 1981; possible partial return in 1911» |
| Current ANA building | Since 1912 (La Nación 2023) | Since 1913 (ABC 2015) | Say «since 1912–1913» |
| Law on the Archivo General de la Nación | The 1997 law created the AGN but was never implemented (ABC 2015) | Ley 1.099/1997 only provides for the deposit of documents in an AGN already mentioned (BACN). In 2023 there was a new law «passed, awaiting promulgation» (La Nación 2023) | Cite Ley 1.099/1997 (High) and leave the new law as still to be verified |
| ANA hours | Mon–Fri 7:00–18:00 and Sat. 8:00–13:00 (IP 2024) | Hours not found on the official website | Confirm by phone or email |
| BNP hours | 7:00–18:00 (ABC 2015; Última Hora 2014) | 7:00–14:00 (La Nación 2023; IP 2024) | Use 7:00–14:00 (most recent data) |
| BNP digitized press | 1845 to the present in digital format (ABC 2015) | 1845–c.1910 (La Nación 2023); 1845–1903 (Última Hora 2014) | Say «19th and early 20th century, in the reading room» |
| Percentage of the ANA digitized | «80%» (ABC 2015) | Many AtoM records without a digital object («Digitalización: en valoración» [digitization: under review]) | Do not cite the 80% without confirmation |
| ANA online service | «Temporarily offline» (La Nación, June 2023) | The AtoM catalogs work in November 2026 (this research) | It is online today |
| Dates of FS 2026205 | 1842–2012 (title) | 1842–2011 (wiki text) | Use the collection title |
Still to be verified
Topics for which we found no verifiable information online. If you have it, please write to us.
- 1782 padrones: Location and call number
- 1846 census: ANA section or volumes; whether it is in FS 2060673
- «Libros de Escribanía» and «Volúmenes» as sections: Confirm whether they exist under that name
- ANA–Biblioteca Nacional project: Details
- Archdiocesan archive: Address, hours, conditions
- Registro del Estado Civil: Law or decree of 1880; where the old books are
- Gaceta Oficial in Paraguay: Official historical portal; 19th-century issues
- Paraguayan genealogical institute: Whether one exists
- Archivo Histórico de Itamaraty / Arquivo Nacional de Brasil (SIAN): Captured Paraguayan fonds
- AGN Argentina: Call numbers (Sala IX) of the Paraguay fonds
- PARES: Specific Paraguay records
- Machaín–Irigoyen: Exact date and territories ceded
- Part of the Rio Branco collection still in Brazil: What remained at the BN in Rio
Notes
- AtoM ANA; La Nación 2023; ABC 2015; IP 2024 ↩
- La Nación 2023; IP 2024; ABC 2015; Wikipedia ↩
- Brezzo, Salinas, and Quiñonez; FamilySearch 1922527 ↩
- La Nación 2024 and 2026 ↩
- FamilySearch 2506770 ↩
- ABC 2017 (González de Bosio); Brezzo et al. ↩
- bacn.gov.py; La Nación 2026 ↩
- Collection pages ↩
- gov.br/bn ↩
- Telesca 2015; Brezzo et al. ↩
- Brezzo et al.; catalog of cedularios (2000) ↩
- AtoM; FS; Hahner ↩
- FS 2060673; Hahner ↩
- AtoM; Brezzo et al. ↩
- Whigham, ABC 2022 ↩
- AtoM ↩
- Brezzo et al. ↩
- Brezzo et al. ↩
- Brezzo et al. ↩
- Telesca 2015 ↩
- Última Hora 2022 ↩
- Telesca 2015 ↩
- AtoM; dplnews 2019; EFE 2019 ↩
- FS ↩
- gov.br/bn ↩
- ABC 2015; Última Hora 2014; La Nación 2023 ↩
- Última Hora 2016 ↩
- La Nación 2019; CONACYT ↩
- CRL ↩
- ABC 2015; Brezzo et al. ↩
- ABC 2014 ↩
- FS ↩
- La Nación 2026 ↩
- AtoM; Hahner ↩
- ABC 2015; Brezzo et al. ↩
- ABC 2015 ↩
- ABC 2015; Brezzo et al. ↩
- FS ↩
- FS ↩
- Brezzo et al.; Telesca; Polifemo ↩
- https://historia.archivonacional.gov.py/ ↩
- https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/1429838 ↩
Bibliography
- ABC Color, “Archivo Nacional de Asunción,” ABC Color, school supplement, 9 March 2015 (https://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/suplementos/escolar/archivo-nacional-de-asuncion-1344072.html : accessed 4 November 2026).
- ABC Color, “Hemeroteca Carlos Antonio López,” ABC Color, school supplement, 23 March 2015 (https://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/suplementos/escolar/hemeroteca-carlos-antonio-lopez-1349374.html : accessed 4 November 2026).
- ABC Color, “Paraguay recupera parte de su pasado histórico al recibir archivos digitales,” ABC Color, 20 January 2014 (https://www.abc.com.py/espectaculos/cultura/paraguay-recupera-parte-de-pasado-su-historico-al-recibir-archivos-digitales-1207480.html : accessed 4 November 2026).
- Agencia de Información Paraguaya, “Explorando las páginas culturales de Asunción: Un viaje por sus bibliotecas emblemáticas,” IP Paraguay, 26 January 2024 (https://www.ip.gov.py/ip/2024/01/26/explorando-las-paginas-culturales-de-asuncion-un-viaje-por-sus-bibliotecas-emblematicas/ : accessed 4 November 2026).
- Aníbal Herib Caballero Campos and Carlos Adolfo Gómez Florentín, “Rescate histórico de El Semanario de Avisos y Conocimientos Útiles,” Repositorio CONACYT (https://repositorio.conacyt.gov.py/handle/20.500.14066/2580 : accessed 4 November 2026).
- Archivo Nacional de Asunción, “Archival institutions,” Archivo Nacional de Asunción, Educación (https://educacion.archivonacional.gov.py/index.php/repository/browse : accessed 4 November 2026).
- Archivo Nacional de Asunción, “Civil y Judicial” [home page], Archivo Nacional de Asunción (https://civil.archivonacional.gov.py/index.php/ : accessed 4 November 2026).
- Archivo Nacional de Asunción, “Padrón de las familias españolas en la ciudad de Asunción,” Archivo Nacional de Asunción, Sección Nueva Encuadernación (https://nueva.archivonacional.gov.py/index.php/padron-de-las-familias-espanolas-en-la-ciudad-de-asuncion : accessed 4 November 2026).
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