Belize: secondary sources for genealogical research

Last verified: November 4, 2026. Access details change; check with the archive before you travel. What each access type means · Español

On this page: Background · National archives · Collections by type · Verified · Contradictions · Notes · Bibliography

Background and geography

  • 17th century to 1763. English logwood cutters (“Baymen”) settled on the coast, in territory Spain claimed as part of the Captaincy General / Audiencia of Guatemala. Some authors place church and administrative control in Yucatán (Mérida). Spain never had effective administration there. The origin of the name is disputed: Bulmer-Thomas and Bulmer-Thomas argue that “Peter Wallace” is a myth and that the name comes from a Maya word (Tempus, U. de Antioquia).
  • Treaties with Spain. The Treaty of Paris (1763) allowed logwood cutting without granting sovereignty. The Treaty of Versailles (1783) set the area between the Hondo and Belize rivers. The Convention of London (1786) extended the area to the Sibun River and required the evacuation of the Mosquito Coast; this is why the “Shoremen” arrived in Belize in 1787. It also explains why the oldest BARS papers concern the Mosquito Coast (around 1770).
  • 1798. Battle of St. George's Caye (September 10).
  • Local government before the colony. First there was a “Public Meeting” with elected magistrates (the BARS Meetings of Magistrates run from 1796 to 1853). Then came the Superintendency, under Jamaica. In 1812 the superintendent laid the first stone of St. John's (Wikipedia). Anglican records begin in 1794 with Chaplain Stanford.
  • Colony. British Honduras was declared a colony in 1862, subordinate to Jamaica. It became a Crown colony in 1871 and was separated from the governor of Jamaica in 1884. It took the name “Belize” in 1973, gained self-government in 1964, and became independent on September 21, 1981. The capital moved to Belmopan in 1970.
  • Guatemala's claim. The Wyke-Aycinena treaty (1859) set the boundaries. Guatemala argues that the United Kingdom broke the road clause and maintains a territorial claim. Referendums in 2018 (Belize) and 2019 (Guatemala) approved taking the case to the ICJ. According to Amandala (December 10, 2025), the judgment is still pending, the main oral hearing has no date yet (“probably in late 2026 or early 2027”), and there were hearings on Guatemala's intervention in the Sapodilla Cayes case (November 24–26, 2025). For genealogists, this means that for the Spanish period you should check the AGCA (Guatemala), the AGI (Guatemala section), and, for the north, Yucatecan/Mexican sources.
  • Current districts. There are six: Belize, Cayo, Corozal, Orange Walk, Stann Creek, and Toledo. The 2016 UN document on vital registration describes six districts, each with a hospital that hosts the VSU.
  • Civil registration. The start date is uncertain (see “Contradictions between sources”). The FamilySearch collection begins in 1881. The current law (Cap. 157) refers to “Ch. 219 [1st January, 1894]”. Anglican parishes (from 1794) and Catholic parishes (vicariate from 1888/1893) cover the earlier period. The records are deposited at the General Registry (Belize City). BARS holds microfilm from 1881 to the 1940s.
  • Who inherited what. BARS (founded in 1965, autonomous since 1975, and in Belmopan since 1980) received from the General Registry the probate files (transfers in 1989, 2007, and 2013), the Crown land titles (1856–1971), and probably the Minute Papers of the Colonial Secretary's Office. Correspondence with London is duplicated or completed at The National Archives (Kew), series CO 123 to CO 128.
  • What this means for Spanish-speaking researchers:
  • 1. Almost all colonial and post-independence records are in English and follow British common law. Useful equivalents are probate (juicio testamentario), letters of administration (intestate estates), deed (escritura), fiat/grant/lease (land award, title, or lease), manumission (carta de libertad), and naturalization.
  • 2. There are no Spanish-style notarial records (protocols): deeds are registered in Deed Books, and the deed register serves the purpose of notarial records.
  • 3. Women may appear under their maiden name for life (use of Scottish patronymics, according to Sonia Murray).
  • 4. The mestizo, Maya, and Garifuna populations of the north and south (refugees from the Caste War of Yucatán from 1848, Garifuna from about 1802) may have records in Spanish, in record groups in Mexico, Guatemala, or Honduras. The BARS Minute Papers include documents in Spanish and Maya.
  • 5. In the BARS reading room, users must identify the reference number before requesting an item, and staff do not do research for them.
  • Local archives. There are regional and local archives (parishes, district offices); researchers should find out what exists in the locality.

National archives and institutions

Only national archives and institutions and key foreign repositories are included. There are also regional, municipal, diocesan, and religious-order archives: find out what exists in your ancestor's locality.

Belize Archives and Records Service (BARS)1

  • Type: National archive
  • City: Belmopan (Cayo)
  • Address: 26/28 Unity Boulevard, City of Belmopan
  • Hours: Office: Mon–Thu 8:00–17:00, Fri 8:00–16:30. Reading room: same, but closed the 2nd and last Friday of each month
  • Phone: (501) 822-2097 / 822-2247 / 822-2507; User Services ext. 84428; fax 822-3140
  • Email: info@archives.gov.bz
  • Website: https://archives.gov.bz/
  • Access conditions: An officer brings the documents. You must give the reference before requesting. Nothing leaves the room. Fragile documents are unavailable until conserved. An officer decides on reproduction, which follows copyright law. There are reading room rules (PDF). No fees are published
  • Access type: In person, free; On request

Vital Statistics Unit (VSU), General Registry, Ministry of the Attorney General2

  • Type: Civil registry (historical and current certificates)
  • Address: Corner of Queen Street and Barrack Road, Belize City
  • Hours: Belize City: Mon–Thu 8:00–17:00, Fri 8:00–16:30. Districts: Mon–Thu 8:00–12:00, Fri 8:00–16:30
  • Phone: +(501) 822-0519 / 2504
  • Email: ministry.info@agm.gov.bz
  • Website: https://agm.gov.bz/services/associated-registries/vital-statistics-unit
  • Access conditions: Apply in person with a passport or Social Security card. Delivery takes about 2 weeks, with same-day or next-day service available. The law (Cap. 157, s. 42) lets anyone search the index and get a certified copy by paying the fee. Press reports from 2025–2026 mention an “online window” (to be confirmed)
  • Access type: On request; Fee-based

General Registry (High Court Registry), Senior Courts of Belize3

  • Type: Court archive (probate, marriages by license, apostilles)
  • City: Belize City
  • Address: Ground floor of the High Court Building, corner of Regent Street and Treasury Lane; offices at 1 Treasury Lane
  • Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Phone: +(501) 227-7377 / 227-2053
  • Email: legalassistant@Highcourtofbelize.gov.bz (verify)
  • Website: https://agm.gov.bz/services/associated-registries/general-registry
  • Access conditions: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Access type: On request

Belize National Library Service and Information System (BNLSIS), National Heritage Library4

  • Type: National library and newspaper library
  • City: Belmopan
  • Address: Mountain View Blvd., Belmopan City
  • Hours: Mon–Fri 9:00–19:00; Sat 9:00–13:00
  • Phone: (501) 822-0397
  • Email: nationalheritagelib@bnlsis.org
  • Website: https://bnlsis.org/
  • Access conditions: Microfilm reader in the reading room, with staff to help. No fees are mentioned
  • Access type: In person, free; Free online

Statistical Institute of Belize (SIB)5

  • Type: National statistics office (census history)
  • City: Belmopan
  • Address: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Website: https://sib.org.bz/
  • Access conditions: Publishes historical census figures, citing BARS. We did not verify that it holds name-level census schedules
  • Access type: Free online

Belize History Association (BHA) / Institute for Social and Cultural Research (ISCR), NICH6

  • Type: National academic association
  • City: Belmopan
  • Address: ISCR-NICH secretariat
  • Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Website: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Access conditions: Founded in 2014. Organizes the annual National History Lecture Series. Holds no records

Anglican Diocese of Belize (Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, Belize City)7

  • Type: Church (listed only as the seat in the capital)
  • City: Belize City
  • Address: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Website: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Access conditions: Diocese established on August 10, 1883. St. John's records from 1794 (the published ones are at BARS). No information was found on a diocesan archive

Roman Catholic Diocese of Belize City–Belmopan8

  • Type: Church (listed only as the seat in the capital)
  • City: Belize City
  • Address: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Website: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Access conditions: Apostolic prefecture (June 10, 1888), vicariate (January 3, 1893), Diocese of Belize (February 29, 1956), renamed on December 31, 1983. No information was found on a diocesan archive

The National Archives (Kew, United Kingdom)9

  • Type: Key foreign archive
  • City: London (Kew)
  • Address: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Website: https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/
  • Access conditions: Online catalog. Files closed for 30 years unless otherwise stated
  • Access type: In person, free; Free online; Fee-based

SOAS Library, Methodist Missionary Society Archives10

  • Type: Foreign missionary archive
  • City: London
  • Address: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Website: https://library.soas.ac.uk/
  • Access conditions: “Restrictions apply”
  • Access type: In person, with authorization

FamilySearch11

  • Type: Image and index platform
  • City: —
  • Address: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
  • Website: https://www.familysearch.org/
  • Access conditions: Index with free registration
  • Access type: Online with free account

Collections by record type

Notarial records (protocols)

Collection and custodianDatesWhat it offersWhere and how to consult it
Private Records (Private Record Series)12
BARS
1790–1845Manumitted enslaved people, owners, heirsList at BARS; partial transcription in Murray, 600+ Wills… (2022)
In person, free — D
Deed Books13
BARS
Mar. 1861 – Mar. 1954 (books 2–40)Buyers, sellers, neighbors, inheritancesOnline table of volumes and “Book 0” (index to books 2–11, 25, 27, 29, 35–40)
In person, free; Free online — D; A (list)

Court records and probate (sucesiones)

Collection and custodianDatesWhat it offersWhere and how to consult it
Estates/Probates (Probates & Administration)14
BARS (provenance: General Registry)
1804–2000Heirs, kinship, property, date of deathArranged by year of closing and then by surname; list at BARS (“View Listing”). 224 boxes, 9,752 files
In person, free — D
Court Suits15
BARS
1790–1990Parties, residence, debts, landNo online finding aid
In person, free — D
Meetings of Magistrates16
BARS
1796–1853Residents, lawsuits, manumissionsExtracts in Murray (2022)
In person, free — D

Marriage dispensations and prenuptial investigations, and other church sources

Collection and custodianDatesWhat it offersWhere and how to consult it
Church Records17
BARS
1794–1978St. John's baptisms and burials, 1794–1841 (according to Murray)Transcriptions: Murray, The First Parish Register of Belize, 1794-1810… (2010); Second Parish Register… 1813-1827…; The Third Parish Registers of Belize, 1828-1841 (2012)
In person, free — D
Honduras, correspondence (MMS/04/02/08)18
SOAS, Methodist Missionary Society Archives
1833–1950Congregations, baptisms or marriages mentioned, missionariesSOAS catalog. Possible IDC microfiche (to be confirmed)
In person, with authorization — E

Census and tax lists (padrones) and censuses

Collection and custodianDatesWhat it offersWhere and how to consult it
Census (Census Index)19
BARS
1790–20101816, 1823, 1826, 1829, 1832, 1835, and 1839: heads of household and members, ages, free or enslaved status (according to Murray's transcriptions). From 1861 on, mostly aggregate reportsBARS index with 1790, 1816, 1820, 1823, 1826, 1829, 1832, 1834, 1835, 1839, 1840, 1861, 1901, and later years. Transcriptions in Murray 2010, n.d., and 2012
In person, free; Free online — D; A (index)
Slave Register (1834)20
BARS; also TNA series T 71
1834 (BARS); 1823–1830 registers and sales (Murray)Name, age, and owner of each enslaved personBARS (census index); Ancestry, “Former British Colonial Dependencies, Slave Registers, 1813-1834” (“Honduras”, 1834); LBS-UCL (compensation claims, e.g., “Honduras 244”, which cites T 71/251, T 71/878, and T 71/1030)
In person, free; Fee-based — D; G (Ancestry); A (LBS)

Migration

Collection and custodianDatesWhat it offersWhere and how to consult it
Naturalization Certificates21
BARS
1855–1981Origin (often Guatemala, Mexico, Honduras, China, Lebanon, etc.; to be confirmed), date of arrivalNo online finding aid
In person, free — D
British Honduras, Miscellanea (CO 128)22
TNA
1807–1943Officials (blue books), shipping movementsDiscovery C4319 (117 vols.)
In person, free — D

Historical newspapers and official gazettes

Collection and custodianDatesWhat it offersWhere and how to consult it
Newspapers (The Billboard, Clarion, The Reporter, Amandala, etc.) and Government Gazette23
BARS / BNLSIS
BNLSIS: newspapers from 1885; gazettes from 1878Death notices, probate, naturalizationsBNLSIS on microfilm: Belize (British Honduras) Advertiser 1881–1889 and Belize Billboard 1957–1962. National Collection catalog online
In person, free — D
Colonial Guardian (Belize)24
British Library / British Newspaper Archive
1882–1897 (3,374 pages in the BNA)Notices, courts, deathshttps://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/ (TitleId BL/0003218, according to the UConn guide)
Fee-based — G
Honduras Gazette (extracts)25
BARS (original) / derivative publication
Jul. 1826 – Oct. 1827Ships, courts, inquestsExtracts in Murray, Second Parish Register…
Fee-based — G (book)
British Honduras, later Belize, Government Gazettes (CO 127)26
TNA
1861–1975Probate notices, land, naturalization, appointmentsDiscovery C4318 (94 vols.)
In person, free — D

Private archives and images

Collection and custodianDatesWhat it offersWhere and how to consult it
Surveyors Plans27
BARS
1861–1977Location of properties—
In person, free — D
Interviews with Prominent Belizeans; Ervin Beck collection28
BARS (Audiovisual)
1983–1998; Beck undated (EB-A-01 to 30)Family and community testimonyOnline Beck records without audio
In person, free — D

Indexes and derivative works

Collection and custodianDatesWhat it offersWhere and how to consult it
Slave Compensation claims «Honduras» (T 71)29
TNA; LBS database (UCL)
1834–1836Owners, number of enslaved people, amountshttps://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/ (“Honduras ###” records)
Free online; In person, free — A (LBS); D (TNA)
Sonia Bennett Murray's transcriptions30
Genealogical Publishing Co. / Clearfield (derived from BARS, the General Registry, and TNA)
1750–1880Indexes of thousands of names (about 6,000 in vol. 2; more than 5,000 in vol. 3)The First Parish Register of Belize, 1794-1810, and the First Four Censuses, 1816-1826 (2010); The Second Parish Register… 1813-1827…; The Third Parish Registers of Belize, 1828-1841 (2012); 600+ Wills and Administrations of Belize, 1750-1800s (2022); They Came to Belize, 1750-1810 (title seen in the catalog; contents to be confirmed)
Fee-based — G

Other government and education records

Collection and custodianDatesWhat it offersWhere and how to consult it
Belize, Civil Registration, 1881-195131
FamilySearch (originals at the General Registry)
1881–1951Names, dates, parents, spousesFS collection 4318337 (140,386 records, 302,903 people, 14,597 images, updated June 17, 2025); FS catalog 628296 “Civil registration, 1881-1951”
Online with free account — B
Vital Records (microfilm only)32
BARS
1881–1940sSame as COL-0001BARS refers users to FamilySearch
In person, free — D
R-Records (Dispatches)33
BARS
1805–1930sAppointments, petitions, settlersNo online finding aid
In person, free — D
General Minute Papers / C.S.O. (ref. MP)34
BARS (creator: Colonial Secretary's Office)
1885–1954Individual petitions, foreigners, public employment11,146 files in numerical order by year; list at BARS. Languages: English, Spanish, Maya
In person, free — D
Crown Land Titles (Ministers Fiat Grants & Plans; Grant and Lease Fiats/Plans)35
BARS (provenance: General Registry and Land Titles Unit)
1856–1996Title holders, location of the land175 books. Digital copies of grants to 1996 and leases to 1974 on reading-room computers
In person, free — D (digital in the reading room)
Land Title Register (7)36
BARS
1863–1954Title holders, transfersNo online finding aid
In person, free — D
FCT / TCT Applications37
BARS
1954–1988 / 1954–1989Applicants—
In person, free — D
Colonial Office: British Honduras, Original Correspondence (CO 123)38
TNA Kew
1744–1951Petitions, appointments, settlers, casesDiscovery C4314 (409 pieces)
In person, free; Free online; Fee-based — D; A/G (partial)
Colonial Office: British Honduras, Entry Books (CO 124)39
TNA Kew; microfilm at CRL
1630–1872Grants, early appointmentsDiscovery C4315 (15 volumes). PRO microfilm [197-?] online at CRL, vols. 1–2 (CO 124/1: 1630–1641; 124/2: 1630–1650)
In person, free; Restricted online; Free online — D; C/A (CRL, depending on membership)
British Honduras, later Belize, Acts (CO 125)40
TNA
1855–1977Indirect (laws on registration, naturalization, land)Discovery C4316 (25 vols.)
In person, free — D
British Honduras, Sessional Papers (CO 126)41
TNA
1848–1965Reports with lists of officialsDiscovery C4317 (92 pieces)
In person, free — D
Birth, death, and marriage records after 195142
VSU / General Registry
1951 onward (exact start to be confirmed)Complete vital dataCertified copy on request
On request; Fee-based — F, G

Verified directly

Information read on official websites and in the FamilySearch Catalog while signed in, in November 2026. “Viewable online” on FamilySearch means the images can be seen from home with a free account.

  • BARS: website. bars.gov.bz does not load from a browser in Guatemala (navigation refused).43
  • FamilySearch: General Registry. 628296 “Civil registration, 1881-1951” (General Registry Department, Belize City; births, marriages, and deaths with indexes): 25 rolls, all viewable online. No catalog records with the Belize Archives and Records Service as author.44

Contradictions between sources

ItemOne source saysAnother source saysProposal
Start of civil registration1885 (to be confirmed)1881 (FamilySearch, collection 4318337, and BARS “Vital Records 1881–1940's”). Also, the law Cap. 157 gives as its original reference “Ch. 219 [1st January, 1894]”Say “records from 1881”. Look for the original ordinance in CO 125 (Acts) or in the Government Gazette before setting a legal date. 1894 may be the date of the consolidating law
Founding of BARS1965, “the year after independence” (Wikipedia)Late 1965 (BARS, “History”). Independence came in 1981; self-government came in 1964Use “1965 (BARS)”. Wikipedia confuses self-government with independence
Contents of CO 125“CO 125” as a correspondence series (to be confirmed)CO 125 = Acts 1855–1977. Correspondence is CO 123 and the entry books are CO 124 (TNA)Follow TNA
Dates of the Colonial Guardian1850–1899 (UConn guide)1882–1897 digitized; published 1882–1913 (BNA blog)Follow the BNA blog
Images in FS 43183370 images at release (GenealogyBlog, October 2021)14,597 images (FamilySearch, current check)Images were added after 2021. Check in the browser which records have images
Start of the Catholic Church—Prefecture 1888, vicariate 1893 (GCatholic); The FHGuide speaks of “Catholic records from 1571” for the regionThe 1571 date is generic for Central America and does not apply to Belize
Dates of Crown Land Titles“1856 – 470/1996” (BARS, typo)Plans 1856–1995 (same page)Read 1856–1996

Still to be verified

Topics for which we found no verifiable information online. If you have it, please write to us.

  • General Registry archive (probate after 2000, marriages by license): Hours and conditions for historical searches
  • Original civil registration ordinance: Number and year
  • Catholic diocesan archive (Belize City–Belmopan): Existence, location, access, dispensations
  • Anglican archive: Location of the records after 1841
  • Moravians: No significant presence found in Belize (their missions were on the Mosquito Coast, Nicaragua)
  • Lambeth Palace Library (Fulham Papers): Whether they include Belize / Honduras
  • AGI / AGCA: Specific reference numbers about Belize
  • FamilySearch, other catalog records: Author variants (“Belize. Registrar General”, “British Honduras. General Registry”, etc.)
  • BARS colonial record groups (“Records of the Superintendency”, “Colonial Secretary's Office”): BARS does not use those names. The equivalents are Meetings of Magistrates, R-Records, and Minute Papers/C.S.O.
  • Military: Service records (West India Regiment, Belize Defence Force, British Honduras Volunteers)
  • University / education: Enrollment or school records
  • Passengers and immigration: Arrival lists (Confederates of 1867, Chinese and Indians of 1860–1870, Mennonites of 1958)
  • BARS fees: Reproduction costs

Notes

  1. BARS, «Research Room»; «Contact Us»; «History» ↩
  2. AGM, VSU page; Cap. 157 ↩
  3. AGM, General Registry page ↩
  4. BNLSIS, «National Heritage Library» ↩
  5. SIB, «A Historical Recollection – Belize Population Censuses» ↩
  6. Breaking Belize News, 9 April 2015 ↩
  7. Wikipedia, «Anglican Diocese of Belize»; S. B. Murray ↩
  8. GCatholic, «Changes in Ecclesiastical Jurisdictions in Belize» ↩
  9. TNA Discovery, CO 123–128 ↩
  10. SOAS, MMS/04/02/08 ↩
  11. FamilySearch, collection 4318337 ↩
  12. BARS; Genealogical.com ↩
  13. BARS, “Deeds” ↩
  14. BARS, “Collection Description” ↩
  15. BARS, “Our Collections” ↩
  16. BARS; Genealogical.com ↩
  17. BARS; Genealogical.com; Heritage Books ↩
  18. SOAS ↩
  19. BARS “Census-2”; SIB ↩
  20. BARS; Legacy Designs; UCL LBS ↩
  21. BARS, “Our Collections” ↩
  22. TNA ↩
  23. BARS; BNLSIS ↩
  24. BNA blog; UConn guide ↩
  25. Genealogical.com ↩
  26. TNA ↩
  27. BARS ↩
  28. BARS ↩
  29. UCL LBS ↩
  30. Genealogical.com; Heritage Books ↩
  31. FamilySearch ↩
  32. BARS, “Our Collections” ↩
  33. BARS ↩
  34. BARS, “Collection Description” ↩
  35. BARS, “Collection Description” ↩
  36. BARS ↩
  37. BARS ↩
  38. TNA ↩
  39. TNA; CRL ↩
  40. TNA ↩
  41. TNA ↩
  42. Cap. 157; AGM ↩
  43. https://www.bars.gov.bz/ ↩
  44. https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/628296 ↩

Bibliography