Venezuela: secondary sources for genealogical research

Last checked: 4 November 2026. Access details change; confirm with the archive before you travel. What each access type means · Español

On this page: Background · National archives · Collections by type · Verified · Conflicts · Notes · Bibliography

Background and geography

16th–18th centuries. Separate provinces. There were several distinct provinces: Venezuela (Caracas), Cumaná (Nueva Andalucía), Margarita, Guayana, Maracaibo (which included Mérida), and Trinidad. Cumaná was founded in 1523, Coro in 1527, Barquisimeto in 1552, Valencia in 1555, and Caracas in 1567 (BYU/FHL, Venezuela). In judicial matters, most fell under the Audiencia de Santo Domingo [Audiencia of Santo Domingo], and the western provinces under the Audiencia of Santa Fe de Bogotá. That is why the AGN in Caracas holds provisions "de las Audiencias de Santo Domingo y Santa Fe" (López Bohórquez).
1717–1723 and 1739. Venezuela was incorporated into the Viceroyalty of New Granada; on 12 February 1742 it became a captaincy general (BYU/FHL).
1776. Intendencia de Ejército y Real Hacienda in Caracas (approximate date; confirm with the archive). Its papers are at the AGN, in the Real Intendencia/Real Hacienda section, which is to be confirmed.
8 September 1777. Royal decree (Real Cédula) creating the Captaincy General of Venezuela. It joined the provinces of Cumaná, Guayana, Maracaibo, Margarita, and Trinidad to the gobernación of Caracas for government and military affairs (BYU/FHL; Wikisource lists it as "Real Cédula de 1777"). This is the territorial core of the present country.
1786–1787. Real Audiencia de Caracas. It was created in 1786 and installed in 1787 (installation year to be confirmed). Before that date, appeals cases should be sought in Santo Domingo (at the AGI: "Audiencia de Santo Domingo") or in Bogotá. Its archive is scattered among the AGN (Reales Provisiones), the Registro Principal, and the ANH (López Bohórquez).
1803. Caracas becomes an archdiocese (approximate date; confirm with the archive). The Archivo Arquidiocesano holds files from a wider jurisdiction than today’s Distrito Capital. For example, the microfilmed dispensation series includes Aragua, Carabobo, Cojedes, Falcón, Lara, Portuguesa, Yaracuy, Guárico, and Apure (FS catalog 667429).
1810–1821. Independence. The Junta de Caracas was installed on 19 April 1810, and independence was declared on 5 July 1811 (approximate date; confirm with the archive). The war left series of "Causas de Infidencia" (AGN) and emigrations, for example to St. Thomas in 1814–1815 (BYU/FHL).
1819/1821–1830. Gran Colombia (Department of Venezuela). In the AGN, the corresponding subfondo is "Revolución y Gran Colombia (Departamento Venezuela), 1810–1830" (Mendoza 2015). Many papers from this period are in Bogotá; the Fundación Boulton holds on microfilm the "Sección Venezolana del Archivo de la Gran Colombia," about 200,000 documents.
1830. Separation and the State of Venezuela. The AGN groups this period in the subfondo "República, 1830–" (Mendoza 2015). The AGN was founded in 1836 (Wikipedia, National Archives of Venezuela), and its predecessor was the "Archivo Histórico de la Nación" (Mendoza 2015).
1859–1863. Federal War. The 1864 Constitution created the "Estados Unidos de Venezuela," with sovereign states (approximate date; confirm with the archive). From then on, each state’s administration produces state archives, which are outside the scope of this work.
1873. Civil registration and the first national census. Civil registration began in 1873. It was kept in duplicate, and one copy went to the Registro Principal; it took years to function regularly (BYU/FHL). The first national census also dates from 1873. Censuses followed in 1881, 1891, 1920, 1926, 1936, 1941, 1950, 1960, and 1971; the 1910 census was never taken (BYU/FHL). Before 1873, and for later gaps, notarial, court, and church sources take the place of civil registration.
Territorial losses. Trinidad, part of the Captaincy General since 1777, passed to Great Britain in 1797; its colonial papers are in the AGN and the AGI. The Guayana Esequiba remains in dispute with Guyana. The borders with Colombia were set by arbitral awards and treaties (1891, 1941) (approximate date; confirm with the archive).
Regional archives. Regional and local archives exist, such as the general archives of the states of Lara, Mérida, Táchira, and Trujillo, the Archivo Histórico de Coro, the registros subalternos, and the diocesan archives. Researchers should find out what exists in the locality.

National archives and institutions

Only national archives and institutions and key foreign repositories are included. There are also regional, municipal, diocesan, and religious-order archives: find out what exists in your ancestor’s locality.

Archivo General de la Nación (called "Archivo General de la Nación Francisco de Miranda" in Mendoza 2015; date of the name change To be confirmed)¹

Type: National archive
City: Caracas
Address: Former building: Av. Urdaneta, esquinas Santa Capilla a Carmelitas No. 15, across from the BCV (UNESCO form). New building at the Foro Libertador, next to the Panteón Nacional; it was under construction in 1990–1991, and it is not known whether the archive operates there today
Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Phone: 0212-862-99-07 (old data from the UNESCO form, not confirmed as current)
Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Website: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Access conditions: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Access type: In person, free, In person, with authorization

Academia Nacional de la Historia²

Type: Academic body with an archive, library, and newspaper library
City: Caracas
Address: Palacio de las Academias, Av. Universidad, esquinas San Francisco a La Bolsa (occupied since 1952)
Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Website: anhvenezuela.org.ve (domain confirmed by a PDF hosted there)
Access conditions: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Access type: In person, with authorization

Biblioteca Nacional de Venezuela³

Type: National library and newspaper library
City: Caracas
Address: Complejo Cultural Foro Libertador
Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Website: bnv.gob.ve (according to Wikipedia; not tested)
Access conditions: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Access type: In person, free, Free online

Archivo Arquidiocesano de Caracas (FamilySearch cites it as "Archivo del Palacio Arzobispal de Caracas")⁴

Type: Church archive of the capital
City: Caracas
Address: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Website: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Access conditions: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Access type: In person, with authorization, Online with free account

Fundación John Boulton⁵

Type: Private foundation (library, archive, museum)
City: Caracas
Address: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Website: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Access conditions: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Access type: In person, with authorization

Archivo Histórico de Miraflores⁶

Type: Archive of the Presidency
City: Caracas
Address: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Website: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Access conditions: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Access type: In person, with authorization, On request

Archivo Histórico de la Cancillería (Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores)⁷

Type: National ministry archive
City: Caracas
Address: Casa Amarilla and the former Banco Nacional de Descuento building (1990)
Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Website: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Access conditions: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Access type: In person, with authorization, On request

Archivo Histórico de la Universidad Central de Venezuela⁸

Type: National university archive
City: Caracas
Address: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Website: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Access conditions: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Access type: In person, with authorization

FamilySearch (Venezuela collections and catalog)⁹

Type: Foreign digital repository
City: Salt Lake City / online
Address: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Website: familysearch.org
Access conditions: Images with a free account; some only at affiliate centers
Access type: Online with free account, Restricted online

Archivo General de Indias (PARES)¹⁰

Type: Foreign archive
City: Seville
Address: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Website: pares.cultura.gob.es (not tested)
Access conditions: Free online access in PARES
Access type: Free online, In person, free

Archivo General de la Nación de Colombia¹¹

Type: Foreign archive
City: Bogotá
Address: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Hours: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Phone: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Email: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Website: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Access conditions: Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.

Collections by record type

Notarial records (protocols)

Collection and custodian	Dates	What it offers	Where and how to access
Subfondo Registro Público¹² AGN	1586–1992	Wills, powers of attorney, sales, letters of freedom, dowries	— In person, with authorization — E
Sección Testamentos¹³ AAC	18th century (BYU gives 1595–1879 for church wills)	Heirs, confraternities, property, enslaved people	Cited by folder (approx. 15 to 135) and folio In person, with authorization — E
Venezuelan colonial fondos in the Archivo General de la Nación de Colombia (Testamentarías, Censos, Tierras, Empleados Públicos "de Venezuela")¹⁴ AGN Colombia	Testamentarías 1582–1820 (BYU)	Heirs, census and tax lists (padrones)	To be confirmed (there may be photographs on FS) To be confirmed — Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.

Court records and probate

Collection and custodian	Dates	What it offers	Where and how to access
Sección Reales Provisiones¹⁵ AGN	1628–1821 (64 vols., 6,501 docs.)	Parties to lawsuits, appointments, residence, social status (calidad)	Catalog published by the AGN (To be confirmed). No digital version found In person, with authorization — E
Sección Limpieza de Sangre¹⁶ AGN	Citations from 1716 to 1785; BYU gives 1609–1820 for "Pureza de sangre"	Multigenerational genealogies, inserted entries, witnesses	Indexes in the Boletín del AGN (BYU). Troconis de Veracoechea, La limpieza de sangre a través de la Real Audiencia de Caracas (ANH, 1975) In person, with authorization — E
Sección Disensos y Matrimonios¹⁷ AGN	Cases from 1793 exist; date range To be confirmed	Parents, social status, family opposition, ages	None found In person, with authorization — E
Sección Causas de Infidencia¹⁸ AGN	Independence era (dates To be confirmed)	Property seizures, families, émigrés	None found In person, with authorization — E
Sección Diversos¹⁹ AGN	To be confirmed	Varied	None found In person, with authorization — E
Sección Causas de Residencia²⁰ AGN	To be confirmed	Officials and witnesses	— In person, with authorization — E
Sección Abogados de la Colonia²¹ AGN	18th century	Genealogy, education, social status	Publication: Briceño Perozo (comp.), Los abogados de la Colonia (AGN, 1965); FS already has it as a publication In person, with authorization — E (original); printed edition in libraries
Sección Tierras Baldías²² AGN	1798–1903 (volumes A1–L2)	Landholders, boundaries, heirs	Mendoza, Catálogo de la Sección Tierras Baldías… (UCV thesis, 2015, PDF at saber.ucv.ve) In person, with authorization, Free online — E; catalog A
Conocimiento de Causas y Pleitos de la Real Audiencia (formerly in the Registro Principal del Distrito Federal)²³ ANH (moved there for arrangement)	1787–1810 (15 vols.)	Parties to the lawsuits	— In person, with authorization — E
Archivo II de la ANH, Sección Civiles (Judiciales y Civiles)²⁴ ANH	18th century	Parentage, legitimacy, social status	Cited by box and folio In person, with authorization — E
Audiencia de Caracas²⁵ Archivo General de Indias	From the conquest to independence (969 legajos)	Officials, marriage licenses for officers, passengers	García Chuecos’s list; index by Brother Nectario María; PARES (not tested) Free online — A (partly digitized in PARES; To be confirmed) — Contact the archive for information on access and holdings.
Audiencia de Santo Domingo; Escribanía de Cámara; Indiferente General; Contratación (Pasajeros a Indias)²⁶ Archivo General de Indias	16th–18th centuries	Spanish origins of settlers	Catálogo de Pasajeros a Indias (Bermúdez Plata, vols. 1–3); PARES Free online — A

Marriage dispensations and prenuptial investigations, and other church sources

Collection and custodian	Dates	What it offers	Where and how to access
Sección Negocios Eclesiásticos²⁷ AGN	To be confirmed	Clergy, founders of chantries (capellanías)	— In person, with authorization — E
Marriage files and dispensations (FS catalog "Registros parroquiales, varias parroquias de la Arquidiócesis de Caracas 1617-1928")²⁸ AAC; FS microfilm	1617–1928; legajos 1–46 cover 1617–1761	Kinship, ancestry, consanguinity	FS catalog 667429; films 2052498 (items 11–13), 2052519, 2052543, 2052562, 2052574, 2052619, 2052620, 2052642, 2052643, and 2052707; DGS 5007202 to 5007215 Online with free account, Restricted online — B/C
Venezuela, Archdiocese of Caracas, Catholic Church Records, 1638-2020²⁹ AAC; FamilySearch	1638–2020	Marriage files with ancestry	FS coll. 4465438: 386,801 records, 168,085 images Online with free account — B
Matrimoniales, Judiciales, Capellanías, Libros, and Episcopales sections³⁰ AAC	Dispensations 1617–1948; prenuptial investigations 1700–1827 (BYU)	Multigenerational genealogies	The Genealogical Society has a copy of an AAC catalog (BYU). There is a printed general catalog, with a record at commons.ptsem.edu (not opened) In person, with authorization — E
Pastoral visit of Bishop Mariano Martí, 1771–1784³¹ AAC; published by the ANH (7 vols.)	1771–1784	Residents by town, social status, families	Printed ed. Documentos relativos a su visita pastoral de la Diócesis de Caracas, 1771-1784 (held by the FHL) printed

Military records

Collection and custodian	Dates	What it offers	Where and how to access
Sección Venezolana del Archivo de la Gran Colombia (microfilm)³² Fundación John Boulton (original at the AGN of Colombia)	1810–1830 (about 200,000 docs.)	Military personnel, pensions, employees	Sección Venezolana del Archivo de la Gran Colombia. Índice sucinto (1960) In person, with authorization — E

Historical newspapers and official gazettes

Collection and custodian	Dates	What it offers	Where and how to access
Hemeroteca (Gaceta del Gobierno, Gaceta de Venezuela, Gaceta Oficial, El Porvenir, El Comercio…)³³ Fundación John Boulton	19th–20th centuries	Notices, appointments, death notices	Clippings file indexed by subject In person, with authorization — E
Gazeta de Caracas / Gaceta de Caracas³⁴ Biblioteca Nacional and ANH (originals and facsimiles, To be confirmed); digital in Prensa Histórica (Ministerio de Cultura de España)	24 October 1808 to January 1822	Notices, appointments, edicts, émigrés	Prensa Histórica, Latinoamérica collection: only 1808, t. I, nos. 1–15 and 17 Free online — A (1808)
Gaceta Oficial de los Estados Unidos de Venezuela / de la República de Venezuela³⁵ Imprenta Nacional; digitized by LLMC	1873(?)–	Appointments, naturalizations, pensions, degrees, military personnel	LLMC Digital (Emory Library record) Fee-based — G (LLMC by subscription; free from subscribing libraries)
Colección de Libros Raros y Manuscritos; Colección Hemerográfica; Colección de Publicaciones Oficiales³⁶ Biblioteca Nacional de Venezuela	18th–21st centuries	Newspapers and death notices; printed genealogies	Biblioteca Digital César Rengifo (URL not found) In person, free, Free online — D; A for digitized material

Private archives and images

Collection and custodian	Dates	What it offers	Where and how to access
Archivo del Libertador (Escritos del Libertador)³⁷ AGN (transferred from the ANH in 2010)	Sections for 1813–1818 and 1819–1830; more than 82,000 documents (UNESCO) or 283 volumes (2010 press)	Officers, appointments, correspondence	UNESCO Memory of the World Register; 2010 digitization announcement unconfirmed In person, with authorization — E
Archivo del General Francisco de Miranda (Colombeia)³⁸ AGN (since 2010; formerly ANH)	c. 1750–1810 (63 vols.)	Limited (biography)	Colombeia edition; the ANH had digitized Miranda’s texts (2010) In person, with authorization — E
Archivo de la Casa Boulton³⁹ Fundación John Boulton	1841–1940	Merchants, employees, foreign clients	— In person, with authorization — E
Guzmán Blanco and Sir Robert Ker Porter archives⁴⁰ Fundación John Boulton	1825–1899	Elite networks, foreigners	Ker Porter: chronological and alphabetical index In person, with authorization — E
Archivo Fotográfico⁴¹ Fundación John Boulton	Late 19th century to c. 1950	Portraits	Not fully organized (c. 1985) In person, with authorization — E

Indexes and derivative works

Collection and custodian	Dates	What it offers	Where and how to access
Sección Traslados⁴² AGN	To be confirmed	Varied	— In person, with authorization — E
Archivo Blanco-Azpúrua⁴³ AGN	19th century (collection)	Independence leaders	Published as Documentos para la historia de la vida pública del Libertador (to be confirmed with the archive) In person, with authorization — E
Boletín del Archivo General de la Nación⁴⁴ AGN	1921– (BYU counts 220 issues through 1971; no. 228 is from 1975)	Nearly complete index of series (BYU)	Already listed as a publication on FS printed
Boletín de la Academia Nacional de la Historia⁴⁵ ANH	31 March 1912– (ISSN 0254-7325)	Genealogical studies and guides	Articles as PDFs at biblat.unam.mx (HEVILA) and anhvenezuela.org.ve Free online — A (partial)
Boletín del Archivo Histórico de Miraflores⁴⁶ Archivo Histórico de Miraflores	1959–	Correspondence with citizens, appointments	Articles indexed in Biblat Free online — A (index)

Other government and education records

Collection and custodian	Dates	What it offers	Where and how to access
Sección Gobernación y Capitanía General⁴⁷ AGN	To be confirmed	Authorities, residents, licenses	None found In person, with authorization — E
Sección Empleados de la Colonia⁴⁸ AGN	To be confirmed	Officials’ careers, origins	BYU mentions it as a series In person, with authorization — E
Limpieza de sangre, vida y costumbres investigations for academic degrees (Informaciones pedidas, Justificativos…)⁴⁹ Archivo Histórico de la UCV	1731–1796; 1800–1840	Entries, ancestry, social status	— In person, with authorization — E

Verified directly

Information read on official websites and in the FamilySearch Catalog while signed in, in November 2026. “Viewable online” on FamilySearch means the images can be viewed from home with a free account.

AGN of Venezuela: website. agn.gob.ve does not load from a browser in Guatemala (navigation refused). Address, hours, and requirements still have no official source.⁵⁰
FamilySearch: AGN of Venezuela. No microfilmed fondos with the author «Archivo General de la Nación (Venezuela)»: only publications (Los abogados de la colonia; Boletín del Archivo Nacional, no access; Guía del AGN by Herrera de Weishaar and Soto; Diccionario de próceres by Vicente Dávila).⁵¹

Conflicts between sources

Item	One source says	Another source says	Proposal
Custody of the Archivo del Libertador and the Miranda archive	At the ANH; Bolívar’s in an annex at the esquina de Traposos (Wikipedia, National Academy of History)	A 2010 decree transferred them to the AGN; the ANH had held them since 1999 (El Día, 27 April 2010)	Follow version B (more recent) and verify the current location with the AGN
Whereabouts of the historical holdings of the Registro Principal (Caracas)	"Han sido trasladados a la ANH para su organización," at least the Audiencia books (López Bohórquez, c. 1988–1991)	The AGN has a subfondo "Registro Público, 1586–1992" and received the Tierras Baldías files from the Registro Principal (Mendoza 2015)	Both are probably true for different series. Determine where the colonial "Escribanías" are today
Venezuelan colonial Testamentarías	1582–1820 at the "Archivo Nacional de Historia, Bogotá" (BYU/FHL)	The AGN in Caracas has "Tierras y Testamentarías" sections (Mendoza 2015)	Record both as separate collections (VE-COL-0015 and VE-COL-0040) and verify their dates
Dates of the FS civil registration collection	1873–2003 (title and description)	1843–2021 (header and citation), page for FS coll. 1823609	Cite the title as it appears when accessed and note the discrepancy
Separation from Gran Colombia	"1829: Venezuela declaró su independencia" (BYU/FHL)	1830, Congress of Valencia (approximate date; confirm with the archive)	Use 1829–1830: the movement began in November 1829 and the State was constituted in 1830
Starting date of "Pureza/Limpieza de sangre"	1609–1820 and attributed to the Inquisition (BYU/FHL)	Files from 1716 to 1785 in the AGN’s Limpieza de Sangre section (Almarza)	BYU’s dates may cover other series. Verify the date range in the AGN guide
Size of the Archivo del Libertador	More than 82,000 original documents (UNESCO)	283 volumes (El Día 2010)	They are different units; give both
Issue number of the Boletín de la ANH	The file is named "BANH-377.pdf"	Its content says no. 378, January–March 2012	Cite no. 378

Still to verify

Topics for which we found no verifiable information online. If you have it, please write to us.

AGN: current building, hours, phone, email, website, and requirements: All current contact details
AGN: Real Intendencia / Real Hacienda section (1776 Intendencia): Exact name and dates
AGN: Escribanías and Testamentarías sections: Date range and relationship to the Registro Público subfondo
AGN: 1873 census / census schedules: Are there name-by-name lists?
Registro Principal del Distrito Capital: Address, access, what it still holds
Archivo Arquidiocesano de Caracas: Address, hours, requirements, current catalog
Instituto Venezolano de Genealogía: Existence, founding date, journal, ISSN
Complete digital Gaceta de Caracas (1808–1822): Platform with the complete run
Biblioteca Digital César Rengifo (BNV): URL and content
FamilySearch: notarial records (protocols) and other records for Venezuela: Catalog numbers for notarial records and censuses
FamilySearch: Venezuela wiki: Content of Venezuela Archives and Libraries and Venezuela Genealogy
Archivo Histórico de Miraflores and Cancillería: Current access
National military archives (republican service records, pensions): Custodial institution
Immigration and naturalization (19th–20th centuries): Alien registration holdings, naturalization certificates (cartas de naturaleza)

Notes

UNESCO MoW; Briceño Perozo 1990; Junta Superior de Archivos 1991; Mendoza 2015 ↩
Wikipedia National Academy of History; BANH (PDF) ↩
Torres Guerra 2026; Wikipedia National Library of Venezuela ↩
FS catalog 667429; FS col. 4465438; Andrews 1979; Vargas (BANH) ↩
Berglund (LARR, c. 1985) ↩
Briceño Perozo 1990; Biblat (Boletín articles) ↩
Briceño Perozo 1990 ↩
Almarza (BANH, c. 2005) ↩
FS col. 1823609, 4465438; catalog 667429 ↩
López Bohórquez; Andrews ↩
BYU/FHL ("Archivo Nacional de Historia, Bogotá") ↩
Mendoza 2015 ↩
Vargas (BANH); BYU/FHL ↩
BYU/FHL ↩
López Bohórquez (BANH) ↩
Almarza (BANH); BYU/FHL; López Bohórquez ↩
Almarza; López Bohórquez; BYU/FHL ↩
López Bohórquez ↩
López Bohórquez ↩
López Bohórquez ↩
López Bohórquez; Almarza 2005 ↩
Mendoza 2015 ↩
López Bohórquez ↩
Almarza (BANH) ↩
López Bohórquez ↩
López Bohórquez; BYU/FHL ↩
López Bohórquez ↩
FS catalog 667429 ↩
FS col. 4465438 ↩
BYU/FHL; Andrews 1979 ↩
BYU/FHL; record at folio.caval.edu.au ↩
Berglund; Bakkum 1993; Briceño Perozo 1990 ↩
Berglund ↩
Wikipedia; prensahistorica.mcu.es ↩
Emory Libraries ↩
López Bohórquez; Torres Guerra 2026; Wikipedia ↩
UNESCO; El Día 2010 ↩
Veracoechea 2000; El Día 2010 ↩
Berglund ↩
Berglund ↩
Berglund ↩
López Bohórquez ↩
López Bohórquez ↩
BYU/FHL; Veracoechea 2000 ↩
BANH no. 378 (2012); Biblat ↩
Briceño Perozo 1990; Biblat ↩
López Bohórquez ↩
López Bohórquez; BYU/FHL ↩
Almarza (BANH) ↩
http://www.agn.gob.ve/ ↩
https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/66379 ↩

Bibliography

Academia Nacional de la Historia. Boletín de la Academia Nacional de la Historia, no. 378 (January–March 2012). ANH (https://www.anhvenezuela.org.ve/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/BANH-377.pdf : accessed 4 November 2026).
Almarza Villalobos, Ángel Rafael. "La limpieza de sangre en el Colegio de Abogados de Caracas a finales del siglo XVIII." Fronteras de la Historia, no. 10 (2005): 305–328. Redalyc (https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/833/83301010.pdf : accessed 4 November 2026).
Almarza, Ángel. "La limpieza de sangre en la provincia de Caracas durante el siglo XVIII." Boletín de la Academia Nacional de la Historia 87, no. 348 (2004). Biblat (https://biblat.unam.mx/hevila/BoletindelaAcademiaNacionaldelaHistoriaCaracas/2004/vol87/no348/10.pdf : accessed 4 November 2026).
Andrews, G. Reid. "The Archivo Arquidiocesano of Caracas." The Americas (1979). Cambridge Core (https://core-prod.cambridgecore.org/core/journals/americas/article/archivo-arquidiocesano-of-caracas/A47943223FD7D3523C65AA8908235096 : accessed 4 November 2026).
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